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Category
Perennials
Water Requirements
Average Water Needs; Water regularly; do not overwater
Very high moisture needs; suitable for bogs and water gardens
Sun Exposure
Light Shade
Foliage
Herbaceous
Smooth
Foliage Color
Height
24-36 in. (60-90 cm)
Spacing
18-24 in. (45-60 cm)
Hardiness
USDA Zone 3a: to -39.9 °C (-40 °F)
USDA Zone 3b: to -37.2 °C (-35 °F)
USDA Zone 4a: to -34.4 °C (-30 °F)
USDA Zone 4b: to -31.6 °C (-25 °F)
USDA Zone 5a: to -28.8 °C (-20 °F)
USDA Zone 5b: to -26.1 °C (-15 °F)
USDA Zone 6a: to -23.3 °C (-10 °F)
USDA Zone 6b: to -20.5 °C (-5 °F)
USDA Zone 7a: to -17.7 °C (0 °F)
USDA Zone 7b: to -14.9 °C (5 °F)
USDA Zone 8a: to -12.2 °C (10 °F)
USDA Zone 8b: to -9.4 °C (15 °F)
USDA Zone 9a: to -6.6 °C (20 °F)
USDA Zone 9b: to -3.8 °C (25 °F)
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Where to Grow
Danger
All parts of plant are poisonous if ingested
Bloom Color
Rose/Mauve
Dark Blue
White/Near White
Bloom Characteristics
Bloom Size
Bloom Time
Late Summer/Early Fall
Other details
Soil pH requirements
6.1 to 6.5 (mildly acidic)
6.6 to 7.5 (neutral)
7.6 to 7.8 (mildly alkaline)
Patent Information
Propagation Methods
By dividing the rootball
From seed; stratify if sowing indoors
From seed; sow indoors before last frost
Seed Collecting
N/A: plant does not set seed, flowers are sterile, or plants will not come true from seed
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