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Height
Spacing
36-48 in. (90-120 cm)
4-6 ft. (1.2-1.8 m)
Hardiness
24-36 in. (60-90 cm)
Sun Exposure
USDA Zone 5a: to -28.8 °C (-20 °F)
USDA Zone 5b: to -26.1 °C (-15 °F)
USDA Zone 6a: to -23.3 °C (-10 °F)
USDA Zone 6b: to -20.5 °C (-5 °F)
USDA Zone 7a: to -17.7 °C (0 °F)
USDA Zone 7b: to -14.9 °C (5 °F)
USDA Zone 8a: to -12.2 °C (10 °F)
USDA Zone 8b: to -9.4 °C (15 °F)
USDA Zone 9a: to -6.6 °C (20 °F)
USDA Zone 9b: to -3.8 °C (25 °F)
Bloom Color
Sun to Partial Shade
Bloom Time
Foliage
Red
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Other details
Mid Summer
Late Summer/Early Fall
Propagation Methods
Herbaceous
Seed Collecting
Soil pH requirements
From seed; direct sow outdoors in fall
From seed; stratify if sowing indoors
Direct sow as soon as the ground can be worked
From seed; sow indoors before last frost
From seed; direct sow after last frost
From seed; germinate in a damp paper towel
From seed; germinate in vitro in gelatin, agar or other medium
Scarify seed before sowing
Patent Information
Foliage Color
Collect seedhead/pod when flowers fade; allow to dry
Allow pods to dry on plant; break open to collect seeds
Allow seedheads to dry on plants; remove and collect seeds
Properly cleaned, seed can be successfully stored
Bloom Characteristics
Water Requirements
Where to Grow
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