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Category
Shrubs
Water Requirements
Average Water Needs; Water regularly; do not overwater
Sun Exposure
Sun to Partial Shade
Foliage
Grown for foliage
Deciduous
This plant is resistant to deer
Smooth
Veined
Foliage Color
Burgundy/Maroon
Height
24-36 in. (60-90 cm)
Spacing
24-36 in. (60-90 cm)
Hardiness
USDA Zone 4a: to -34.4 °C (-30 °F)
USDA Zone 4b: to -31.6 °C (-25 °F)
USDA Zone 5a: to -28.8 °C (-20 °F)
USDA Zone 5b: to -26.1 °C (-15 °F)
USDA Zone 6a: to -23.3 °C (-10 °F)
USDA Zone 6b: to -20.5 °C (-5 °F)
USDA Zone 7a: to -17.7 °C (0 °F)
USDA Zone 7b: to -14.9 °C (5 °F)
USDA Zone 8a: to -12.2 °C (10 °F)
USDA Zone 8b: to -9.4 °C (15 °F)
USDA Zone 9a: to -6.6 °C (20 °F)
USDA Zone 9b: to -3.8 °C (25 °F)
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Where to Grow
Danger
Plant has spines or sharp edges; use extreme caution when handling
Bloom Color
Bright Yellow
Inconspicuous/none
Bloom Characteristics
Bloom Size
Bloom Time
Late Spring/Early Summer
Other details
Soil pH requirements
6.1 to 6.5 (mildly acidic)
6.6 to 7.5 (neutral)
7.6 to 7.8 (mildly alkaline)
Patent Information
Propagation Methods
By dividing the rootball
From seed; direct sow outdoors in fall
From seed; winter sow in vented containers, coldframe or unheated greenhouse
From seed; stratify if sowing indoors
By stooling or mound layering
Seed Collecting
Allow unblemished fruit to ripen; clean and dry seeds
Properly cleaned, seed can be successfully stored
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