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Category
Perennials
Water Requirements
Sun Exposure
Sun to Partial Shade
Light Shade
Partial to Full Shade
Foliage
Herbaceous
This plant is resistant to deer
Smooth
Foliage Color
Height
36-48 in. (90-120 cm)
4-6 ft. (1.2-1.8 m)
Spacing
9-12 in. (22-30 cm)
Hardiness
USDA Zone 4a: to -34.4 °C (-30 °F)
USDA Zone 4b: to -31.6 °C (-25 °F)
USDA Zone 5a: to -28.8 °C (-20 °F)
USDA Zone 5b: to -26.1 °C (-15 °F)
USDA Zone 6a: to -23.3 °C (-10 °F)
USDA Zone 6b: to -20.5 °C (-5 °F)
USDA Zone 7a: to -17.7 °C (0 °F)
USDA Zone 7b: to -14.9 °C (5 °F)
USDA Zone 8a: to -12.2 °C (10 °F)
USDA Zone 8b: to -9.4 °C (15 °F)
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Where to Grow
Danger
All parts of plant are poisonous if ingested
Pollen may cause allergic reaction
Bloom Color
Medium Blue
Blue-Violet
Medium Purple
Bloom Characteristics
Bloom Size
Bloom Time
Mid Summer
Late Summer/Early Fall
Other details
Soil pH requirements
6.1 to 6.5 (mildly acidic)
6.6 to 7.5 (neutral)
Patent Information
Non-patented
Propagation Methods
By dividing rhizomes, tubers, corms or bulbs (including offsets)
From seed; direct sow outdoors in fall
From seed; sow indoors before last frost
Seed Collecting
Bag seedheads to capture ripening seed
Allow seedheads to dry on plants; remove and collect seeds
Seed does not store well; sow as soon as possible
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