Propagation: Fall Started Perennial & Biennial Seeds , 1 by

wrote:
Year ago when I owned and operated a commercial greenhouse in Nebraska, I sowed seeds in late winter and early spring (veggies and annuals) then again in August (perennials) Never sowed directly since you have no control over them. Too many birds and squirrels looking for an easy meal. I sowed in seed trays with potting soil.

Perennials that were large enough to handle, were planted in my home built coldframe over the winter. Not for winter protection but from animals and to check hardiness. By spring, the plants were husky and ready to be potted up for sale. Most often they would bloom that summer.

1] My old method years ago. Now I do the Deno method in a moist paper towel.