Rural Gardening: Reading thru 4-H packet and I have a question..., 1 by Heavinscent

Heavinscent wrote:
One of the health checks on the check list says; Check birds once per week for mites and lice (I get this), but then it goes on to say... View the cloaca area for small black dots. TREAT APPROPRIATELY!

Now, I did a google search on that and Im getting nothing. Can someone tell me what kind of nasty critter I would be looking for and how do I treat appropriately?
Ive got a zillion more pages to read thru Im sure Ill have more questions lol!